Apparatus for preventing scale deposits and removing contaminants from fluid columns

ABSTRACT

A method and apparatus provide pulsed fluid treatment at a plurality of distinct points utilizing pulsed magnetic energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along a fluid flow path. The instant invention prevents the formation and accumulation of contaminants within conduits and on equipment utilized in the transportation, delivery and processing of fluid columns. It may also be utilized to accelerate the separation of oil and water and increase the efficiency of oil/water separation equipment.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The instant invention relates to a method and apparatus for treating fluid columns to prevent the formation of scale and other flow restricting deposits within conduits utilized in the transmission of fluids. The instant method and apparatus may also be utilized to extract deposits from the surfaces of conduits and other components of fluid transmission systems, accelerate the separation of contaminants from a fluid and reduce the amount of chemicals required for the maintenance, treatment and processing of many fluids.

Thermal exchange systems comprising components such as boilers, heat exchangers and cooling towers utilize water as a heat transfer medium. Suspended and dissolved minerals precipitate out of the water and accumulate as deposits of scale on the surfaces of thermal exchange system components and restrict the flow of water, act as insulation that inhibits heat transfer from one surface to another, impede the operation of equipment and increase energy consumption as the fouled systems lose efficiency and labor to meet operational parameters. Fouled heat exchange systems must undergo descaling processes to recover lost productivity and reduce energy consumption at a significant expense, not only for the cost of cleaning system components but also for lost productivity while a facility is out of service as the fouled thermal exchange system is descaled. Chemical treatment is a common means of controlling scale, corrosion, algae, bacteria and other biological contaminants in thermal exchange systems and is also commonly used to remove suspended or dissolved solid contaminants from process water, make-up water, industrial storm water and wastewater. Utilization of chemicals is costly, requires the storage, handling and dispensing of dangerous substances and poses increasing environmental concerns. As chemicals, minerals and other contaminants accumulate in thermal exchange systems, the water becomes unsuitable for continued use and a fresh supply of water is required for the ongoing operation of such systems. Contaminant laden water from such systems typically incurs large surcharges for wastewater disposal due to the treatment needed to render the water suitable for discharge into the environment.

In petroleum production, water, paraffin and minerals entrained in petroleum production fluids extracted from oil producing formations are separated from marketable oil by bulk recovery apparatus. Water extracted from crude oil is typically returned to the formation while recovered petroleum containing residual amounts of water and contaminants is transported to a refinery for processing into commodities. Over time, deposits of scale and other contaminants form within the separation equipment used to remove water from oil, conduits utilized to return water to the formation and pipelines used to transport crude oil to a refinery; resulting in restricted fluid flow, limited capacity of fluid transmission systems and the deterioration of pumps, valves, meters and other equipment. Productivity is lost when costly physical cleaning and chemical remediation are required to restore full flow to petroleum production and transmission systems. Refineries, as well as other industrial complexes, are constantly challenged with remediation of hydrocarbon contaminants that migrate into storm water and wastewater systems.

The use of magnetic flux to treat fluid columns is one alternative to chemical treatment of fluids. However, prior art magnetic field generators are challenged by a number of deficiencies.

One type of prior art magnetic field generator utilizes a fixed array of rare earth magnets proximate the flow path of a fluid to provide fluid treatment. A primary factor in achieving effective treatment with such devices is matching a constant velocity of a fluid to be treated to the configuration of the magnets and diameter of the flow path extending through the array of magnets. If the velocity of the fluid fails to match the configuration of the permanent magnets, such prior art devices typically fail to provide effective fluid treatment.

Another type of prior art magnetic field generator is an electromagnet formed by coiling a length of wire around a conduit and energizing the coiled wire with a supply of direct current electrical power to generate a constant magnetic field. A basic principal of electromagnetic field generation states the strength of the magnetic field is proportional to the number of turns of wire forming the coil multiplied by the amount of electrical current, or amperage, flowing through to the coil; this is commonly referred to as the amp-turns of the apparatus. Magnetic energy generated by such devices is commonly measured in Tesla or gauss units.

Magnetic fluid treatment is typically most effective when high levels of gauss are generated by an electromagnet fluid treatment apparatus. This may be accomplished by increasing the supply of voltage to the coil of wire so more current flows through the coil, increasing the number of turns in the coil or increasing both the number of turns in the coil and the voltage supplied to the coil. However, electrically energized coils generate heat, and the generation and retention of heat produced by the energized coil of an electromagnet has been a major limitation in the development of prior art devices attempting to generate high gauss for fluid treatment.

Heat generated by an energized coil and the accompanying heat retention of the coil increase its resistance to the flow of current through the coil of wire and effectively reduces gauss generation. Heat retention commonly leads to the failure of prior art electromagnet devices when an overheated coil melts and creates a short circuit generating little magnetic energy, or separates and creates an open circuit generating no magnetic energy. In many instances, prior art apparatus attempt to reduce heat generation by reducing the amount of voltage used to energize their coils. However, reducing the constant supply of voltage and current through a coil results in fewer amp-turns of a prior art apparatus, resulting in substantially lower gauss generation. The low strength of the magnetic energy provided by such devices typically results in ineffective fluid treatment.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,706,196, 6,730,205, 6,852,235 and 7,407,589 and U.S. Patent Application No. 20080264869 disclose fluid treatment methods and apparatus utilizing magnetic energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along a fluid flow path. The utilization of at least one electrical power supply having a capacity providing at least one distinct programmable output of electrical energy continuously switched on and off at a pulsed repetition rate to energize the coiled electrical conductor and produce a pulsed magnetic field concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along a fluid flow path has been discovered to improve a wide variety of fluid treatment applications. The instant method for treating fluid columns directs a flow of a feed stream to be treated to pass through a magnetically energized conduit providing pulsed magnetic energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas.

The instant invention includes a method of providing pulsed magnetic field treatment comprising the steps of providing a magnetically conductive conduit, said magnetically conductive conduit comprising at least one length of magnetically conductive material and having a port at the proximal end of the conduit and a port at the distal end of the conduit, each length of magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at one end of the length of magnetically conductive material and a port at the other end of the length of magnetically conductive material; providing at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit, each fluid flow conduit comprising a length of non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having inlet and outlet ports; providing an electrical conductor, said electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead; providing at least one electrical power supply, each electrical power supply having a capacity to produce at least one distinct programmable output of electrical energy continuously switched on and off at a pulsed repetition rate to establish at least one pulsed output of electrical energy; coiling the electrical conductor with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor, each coil forming at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor; providing means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the coiled electrical conductor, whereby at least one turn of electrical conductor encircles at least a section of the outer surface of said magnetically conductive conduit; and providing means for deploying the at least one fluid flow conduit proximate the magnetically conductive conduit to promote a flow of a fluid to be treated through the magnetically conductive conduit.

The instant method further comprises connecting the conductor leads of the coiled electrical conductor to at least one electrical power supply to energize the coiled electrical conductor and produce a pulsed magnetic field having energy substantially confined within the boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit, said pulsed magnetic field extending beyond each end of said magnetically conductive conduit and having energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit; introducing a feed stream comprising a fluid column receptive to magnetic treatment to the inlet port of the at least one fluid flow conduit to establish a flow of a fluid to be treated through the port at the proximal end of the magnetically energized conduit; directing the flow to pass through the plurality of distinct areas of concentrated pulsed magnetic energy; and discharging the feed stream exiting from the port at the distal end of the magnetically energized conduit a processed fluid.

The strength of the concentrated magnetic energy and means of energizing the coiled electrical conductor may be adjusted to effectively treat to a variety of fluids. The instant invention may be utilized to improve the efficiency of apparatus utilized in solid/liquid phase separation or liquid/liquid separation, such as oil/water separation, and may also be effective in controlling and eliminating many biological contaminants. The instant invention typically will not over treat or under treat a feedstock, requires little monitoring or adjustment for effective fluid treatment and may be utilized in either single pass or and closed-loop fluid transmission systems.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings illustrate the preferred embodiments of the invention in which:

FIG. 1 is a configuration of the instant invention in a fluid treatment system;

FIG. 2 and FIG. 2A show embodiments of fluid flow conduits promoting the flow of fluid through a magnetically conductive conduit;

FIG. 3 and FIG. 3A show embodiments of fluid flow conduits promoting the flow of fluid through a serial coupling of conduit segments;

FIG. 4 shows the flow of pulsed magnetic flux loops encircling a length of magnetically energized conduit;

FIG. 5 shows a non-contiguous array of magnetically conductive conduits sleeving a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit configured to provide pulsed magnetic fluid treatment at a plurality of distinct points;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of a first magnetically conductive conduit adapted to sleeve a second magnetically conductive conduit;

FIG. 6A is an exploded view of a first magnetically conductive conduit adapted to sleeve non-contiguous array of magnetically conductive conduits;

FIG. 6B is an exploded view of a first magnetically conductive conduit adapted to sleeve a serial coupling of conduit segments;

FIG. 7 shows a second magnetically conductive conduit being inserted in a first magnetically conductive conduit;

FIG. 8 shows a magnetically conductive nucleus disposed within the aperture of the non-magnetically conductive conduit a serial coupling of conduit segments; and

FIG. 9 shows a magnetically conductive nucleus disposed within the aperture of a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit sleeved by exploded first and second magnetically conductive conduits.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The instant invention includes an apparatus providing pulsed magnetic fluid treatment comprising a magnetically conductive conduit, said magnetically conductive conduit comprising at least one length of magnetically conductive material and having a port at the proximal end of the conduit and a port at the distal end of the conduit, each length of magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at one end of the length of magnetically conductive material and a port at the other end of the length of magnetically conductive material; at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit, each fluid flow conduit comprising a length of non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having inlet and outlet ports; an electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead, said electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor, each coil forming at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor; means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the coiled electrical conductor, whereby at least one turn of electrical conductor encircles at least a section of the outer surface of said magnetically conductive conduit; means for deploying the at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit proximate the magnetically conductive conduit to promote a flow of a fluid to be treated through the magnetically conductive conduit; and at least one electrical power supply having a capacity to produce at least one distinct programmable output of electrical energy continuously switched on and off at a pulsed repetition rate to energize the coiled electrical conductor and produce a pulsed magnetic field having energy substantially confined within the boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit, said pulsed magnetic field extending beyond each end of said magnetically conductive conduit and having energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit.

The at least one electrical power supply may establish a pulsed output of electrical energy having a direct current component through a switching sequence comprising initially switching an output of electrical energy to an “on” state during a first time interval to energize at least one coiled electrical conductor with electrical energy flowing from the first conductor lead to the second conductor lead, switching said first output of electrical energy to an “off” state to interrupt the energizing of said at least one coiled electrical conductor, switching an output of electrical energy to the “on” state during a second time interval to energize said at least one coiled electrical conductor with electrical energy flowing from the first conductor lead to the second conductor lead, switching said second output of electrical energy to the “off” state to interrupt the energizing of said at least one coiled electrical conductor and causing the switching sequence to repeat at a repetition rate. The first and second time intervals and the repetition rate may be substantially constant or one or more of the first and second time intervals and the repetition rate may be variable.

The at least one electrical power supply may establish a pulsed output of electrical energy having an alternating current component through a switching sequence comprising initially switching an output of electrical energy to an “on” state during a first time interval to energize at least one coiled electrical conductor with electrical energy flowing between the first conductor lead to the second conductor lead in a first direction, switching said first output of electrical energy to an “off” state to interrupt the energizing of said at least one coiled electrical conductor, reversing the direction of the flow of electrical energy, switching an output of electrical energy to the “on” state during a second time interval to energize said at least one coiled electrical conductor with electrical energy flowing between the first conductor lead to the second conductor lead in a second direction, switching said second output of electrical energy to the “off” state to interrupt the energizing of said at least one coiled electrical conductor and causing the switching sequence to repeat at a repetition rate. The first and second time intervals and the repetition rate may be substantially constant or one or more of the first and second time intervals and the repetition rate may be variable.

An at least one electrical power supply establishing a pulsed output of electrical energy having an alternating current component may also energize at least one coiled electrical conductor through a switching sequence comprising initially energizing said at least one coiled electrical conductor during a first time interval with electrical energy flowing between the first conductor lead to the second conductor lead in a first direction, switching the direction of the flow of electrical energy and energizing said at least one coiled electrical conductor during a second time interval with electrical energy flowing between the first conductor lead to the second conductor lead in a second direction and causing the switching sequence to repeat at a repetition rate. The first and second time intervals and the repetition rate may be substantially constant or one or more of the first and second time intervals and the repetition rate may be variable.

One or more of the voltage and current of the pulsed output of electrical energy may be substantially constant or one or more of the voltage and current of the pulsed output of electrical energy may be variable. One or more of the time intervals, repetition rate, voltage, current, or direction of the pulsed output of electrical energy may be established according to one or more of the composition of the fluid, material comprising the coiled electrical conductor, resistance or impedance of the coiled electrical conductor or the configuration of the at least one coiled electrical conductor.

A first flow of electrical energy having a first set of electrical characteristics may be utilized to provide treatment for a first feedstock having a first makeup, and a second flow of electrical energy having a second set of electrical characteristics may be used to provide treatment for a second feedstock having a second makeup.

The instant invention provides a method of fluid treatment, comprising the steps of establishing a flow of a fluid to be treated along a path extending through a fluid entry port at the proximal end of a magnetically conductive conduit; and establishing a pulsed magnetic field having pulsed lines of flux directed along the flow path of the fluid and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit. The instant method may further comprise the step of directing the fluid to pass through at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote the flow of a fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit.

The instant method may further comprise the step of dispersing at least one fluid treatment chemical into the fluid. The instant method may further comprise the step of directing the fluid through at least one contaminant separation process. The instant method may further comprise the step of directing the fluid through at least one fluid flow conditioning process.

The instant invention provides an apparatus providing fluid treatment, comprising a magnetically conductive conduit to receive a flow of a fluid to be treated along a path extending through the magnetically conductive conduit, the magnetically conductive conduit having a fluid entry port at the proximal end of the conduit, at least one fluid impervious boundary wall downstream of the fluid entry port and a fluid discharge port at the distal end of the conduit; at least one electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor, each coil forming at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor; means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the at least one electrical conductor, whereby at least one turn of electrical conductor encircles at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit with the coils oriented substantially orthogonal to the fluid flow; and at least one electrical power supply operably connected to at least one conductor lead, wherein the at least one coiled electrical conductor is energized to produce a pulsed magnetic field having pulsed lines of flux directed along the fluid flow path and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit.

The magnetically conductive conduit of the instant apparatus may comprises a length of magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at the proximal end of the conduit and a port at the distal end of the conduit, a non-contiguous array of a first magnetically conductive conduit and a second magnetically conductive conduit, a serial coupling of conduit segments comprising a magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment, a non-magnetically conductive conduit segment and a magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment or a first magnetically conductive conduit sleeved within a second magnetically conductive conduit.

The pulsed lines of flux form loops and the pulsed magnetic field is of a strength that allows the flux to extend along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and concentrate at distinct points beyond each end of each fluid impervious boundary wall such that the pulsed magnetic flux extends from a point where the lines of flux concentrate beyond one end of the magnetically conductive conduit, around the periphery of the coiled electrical conductor along the longitudinal axis of each fluid impervious boundary wall and to a point where the lines of flux concentrate beyond the other end of the magnetically conductive conduit. Each fluid impervious boundary wall absorbs the pulsed magnetic field and the pulsed magnetic flux loops generated by the coiled electrical conductor at the points of flux concentration.

The instant apparatus may further comprise at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote the flow of a fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit.

The instant apparatus may further comprise at least one chemical dispersing apparatus, each at least one dispersing apparatus providing means for distributing least one fluid treatment chemical into a fluid. The instant apparatus may further comprise at least one contaminant separation apparatus, each at least one separation apparatus providing means for separating and collecting a volume of contaminants from a fluid and discharging a processed fluid having a reduced volume of contaminants carried within the fluid. The instant apparatus may further comprise at least one fluid flow conditioning apparatus, each at least one fluid conditioning apparatus providing means for altering the flow of a fluid.

FIG. 1 shows a configuration of the instant invention in a fluid treatment system wherein a feed stream receptive to fluid treatment introduced to port 1 may be directed to pass through pulsed magnetic energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit 2. First and second conductor leads 4 of a coiled electrical conductor sleeving at least a section of the magnetically conductive conduit are shown connected to electrical power supply 3 having a capacity to energize the coiled electrical conductor and establish a pulsed magnetic field having lines of flux directed along the flow path of the fluid and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit. The lines of flux form a loop and the pulsed magnetic field is of a strength that allows the flux to extend along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and concentrate at distinct points beyond each end of the magnetically conductive conduit such that the magnetic flux loop extends from a point beyond the proximal end of the magnetically energized conduit, around the periphery of the coiled electrical conductor along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit and to a point beyond the distal end of the magnetically energized conduit.

A protective housing may be utilized to enclose at least the coiled electrical conductor. Housing 5 comprising a magnetically conductive material may be utilized to restrict the propagation of the lines of flux and the pulsed magnetic field generated by the energized coil and the magnetically energized conduit.

The processed fluid may then be discharged from port 6 in a single pass application or directed to apparatus 7 of a closed-loop system to allow for additional circulation through the fluid treatment apparatus. A processed fluid may also be directed to collection basin 8 for additional processing of the fluid.

FIG. 2 shows a first embodiment of the magnetically conductive conduit 10 comprising a length of magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having port 10 a at the proximal end of the conduit and port 10 b at the distal end of the conduit. A single length of electrical conducting material is shown forming first coil layer 11 and second layer 12 encircling the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit with non-magnetic stabilizer 13 shown disposed between the coil layers. Conductor leads 11 a and 12 a may be connected to at least one electrical power supply to energize the coiled electrical conductor and establish a pulsed magnetic field having lines of flux directed along the flow path of the fluid and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit.

Introducing a feed stream to port 10 a directs fluid to pass through a first area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 10 a at the proximal end of the magnetically energized conduit. The fluid may then pass through a second area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated along a path extending through at least one turn of electrical conducting material forming the coil layers encircling the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit and then pass through a third area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 10 b at the distal end of the magnetically energized conduit.

Coupling segment 20 is a first embodiment of a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote a flow of fluid through the magnetically energized conduit, said coupling segment comprising a non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having inlet port 20 a and outlet port 20 b. Outlet port 20 b may be adapted to provide for the fluid impervious connection with port 10 a of magnetically energized conduit 10, and inlet port 20 a may be adapted to provide for the fluid impervious, non-contiguous connection of the magnetically energized conduit with an additional segment of conduit, said non-contiguous connection establishing a non-magnetically conductive region providing for a concentration of pulsed magnetic energy at inlet port 10 a of the magnetically energized conduit. Further, the non-contiguous connection between the magnetically energized conduit and an additional segment of magnetically conductive conduit establishes a non-magnetically conductive region providing for an increased concentration of pulsed magnetic energy in the space between the magnetically conductive conduits. An additional non-magnetically conductive coupling segment may similarly provide for the connection of port 10 b of the magnetically energized conduit with an additional segment of conduit.

Non-magnetically conductive conduit 21 is a second embodiment of a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote a flow of fluid through the magnetically energized conduit, said fluid flow conduit comprising a non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having port 21 a adapted to provide for the fluid impervious connection of said fluid flow conduit with port 10 a of magnetically energized conduit 10, whereby said connection establishes a non-magnetically conductive region providing for a concentration of pulsed magnetic energy at port 10 a of the magnetically energized conduit. An additional segment of non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit may similarly be adapted to provide a fluid impervious connection with port 10 b of the magnetically energized conduit.

FIG. 2A shows a first length of electrical conducting material forming coil layer 33 and a second length of electrical conducting material forming coil layer 34 encircling magnetically conductive conduit 30. Non-magnetic stabilizer 35 is shown disposed between the layers of electrical conducting material to maintain the alignment of the coaxially disposed coil layers. First conductor lead 33 a and second conductor lead 33 b of the first coil layer and first conductor lead 34 a and second conductor lead 34 b of the second coil layer may be connected in series to at least one supply of electrical power, or connected in parallel to at least one supply of electrical power, to energize the coiled electrical conductors and establish a pulsed magnetic field having lines of flux directed along the flow path of the fluid and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit. Further, the first and second conductor leads of the first length of electrical conducting material may be connected to a first at least one supply of electrical power and the first and second conductor leads of the second length of electrical conducting material may be connected to a second at least one supply of electrical power to energize the coils.

Fluid flow conduit 22 is a third embodiment of a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote a flow of fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit, said fluid flow conduit defining a section of conduit within a piping system comprising a non-magnetically conductive material sleeved within port 30 a at the proximal end of the magnetically energized conduit, the boundary wall of magnetically conductive conduit 30 and port 30 b at the distal end of the magnetically energized conduit, said fluid flow conduit comprising a length of non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having inlet and outlet ports. Introducing a feed stream to the inlet port of fluid flow conduit 22 directs fluid to pass through a first area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 30 a at the proximal end of magnetically energized conduit 30, through a second area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated along a path extending through at least one turn of electrical conducting material encircling the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit and then pass through a third area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 30 b at the distal end of the magnetically energized conduit.

A non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit may also be sleeved within a second embodiment of the magnetically conductive conduit comprising a non-contiguous array of a first segment of magnetically conductive conduit and a second segment of magnetically conductive conduit, each segment of magnetically conductive conduit comprising a length of magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at the proximal end of the conduit and a port at the distal end of the conduit, whereby a space between the port at the distal end of the first segment of magnetically conductive conduit and the port at the proximal end of the second segment of magnetically conductive conduit establishes a non-magnetically conductive region between the magnetically conductive conduit segments. The non-magnetically conductive region between the magnetically conductive conduit segments provides for a concentration of pulsed magnetic energy in the space between the segments of magnetically conductive conduit. A spacer may be utilized to maintain the non-magnetically conductive region between the magnetically conductive conduit segments, said spacer comprising a non-magnetically conductive material disposed between the magnetically conductive conduit segments.

A third embodiment of the magnetically conductive conduit may comprise a serial coupling of a magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment, a non-magnetically conductive intermediate conduit segment and a magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment, each conduit segment comprising a length of material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at the proximal end of the conduit segment and a port at the distal end of the conduit segment. The serial coupling of magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment 30, non-magnetically conductive intermediate conduit segment 31 and magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment 32 shown in FIG. 3 establishes a non-magnetically conductive region between the magnetically conductive conduit segments that provides for a concentration of pulsed magnetic energy in the area between the distal port of the magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment and the proximal port of the magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment conduit that is greater than the pulsed magnetic energy concentrated at the proximal port of the magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment and the distal port of the magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment conduit.

A single length of electrical conducting material is shown forming first coil layer 33 and second coil layer 34 encircling magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment 30, non-magnetically conductive intermediate conduit segment 31 and magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment 32. Non-magnetic stabilizer 35 is shown disposed between the coil layers to maintain the alignment of the coaxially disposed coil layers. First conductor lead 33 a and second conductor lead 34 a may be connected to at least one supply of electrical power to energize the coiled electrical conductor and establish a pulsed magnetic field having lines of flux directed along the flow path of the fluid and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized inlet conduit segment and magnetically energized outlet conduit segment.

Introducing a feed stream comprising a fluid column receptive to magnetic treatment to port 30 a directs the flow of fluid to pass through a first area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 30 a at the proximal end of magnetically energized inlet conduit segment 30. The flow may then pass through a second area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated along a path extending through at least one turn of the coiled electrical conductor encircling the outer surface of magnetically energized inlet conduit segment 30 and then pass through a third area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated in the space between port 30 b at the distal end of the magnetically energized inlet conduit segment and port 32 a at the proximal end of the magnetically energized outlet conduit segment.

The flow may then pass through a fourth area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated along a path extending through at least one turn of the coiled electrical conductor encircling the outer surface of magnetically energized outlet conduit segment 32 and then pass through a fifth area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 32 b at the distal end of the magnetically energized outlet conduit segment.

Coupling segment 20 is a first embodiment of a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote a flow of fluid through the magnetically energized serial coupling of conduit segments, said coupling segment comprising a non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having inlet port 20 a and outlet port 20 b. Outlet port 20 b may be adapted to provide for the fluid impervious connection with port 30 a of magnetically energized inlet conduit segment 30 and inlet port 20 a may be adapted to provide for the fluid impervious, non-contiguous connection of the magnetically energized inlet conduit segment with an additional segment of conduit, said non-contiguous connection establishing a non-magnetically conductive region providing for a concentration of pulsed magnetic energy at inlet port 30 a of the magnetically energized inlet conduit segment. Further, the non-contiguous connection between magnetically energized inlet conduit segment 30 and an additional segment of magnetically conductive conduit establishes a non-magnetically conductive region providing for an increased concentration of pulsed magnetic energy in the space between the magnetically conductive conduits. An additional non-magnetically conductive coupling segment may similarly provide for the connection of port 32 b of magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment 32 with an additional segment of conduit.

Non-magnetically conductive conduit 21 is a second embodiment of a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote a flow of fluid through the magnetically energized conduit, said fluid flow conduit comprising a non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having port 21 a adapted to provide for the fluid impervious connection of said fluid flow conduit with port 30 a of magnetically energized inlet conduit segment 30, whereby said connection establishes a non-magnetically conductive region providing for a concentration of pulsed magnetic energy at port 30 a of the magnetically energized inlet conduit segment. An additional segment of non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit may similarly be adapted to provide a fluid impervious connection with port 326 of the magnetically energized outlet conduit segment.

FIG. 3A shows a first length of electrical conducting material forming first coil layer 33 having conductor leads 33 a and 33 b encircling magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment 30 and a second length of electrical conducting material forming second coil layer 34 having conductor leads 34 a and 34 b encircling first coil layer 33.

A third length of electrical conducting material forming a first coil layer 37 having conductor leads 37 a and 37 b is shown encircling coil core 36 and a fourth length of electrical conducting material forming second coil layer 38 having conductor leads 38 a and 38 b is shown encircling first coil layer 37. Non-magnetic stabilizer 35 is shown disposed between the layers of coiled electrical conducting material to maintain the alignment of the layers.

Coil core 36 is shown sleeving magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment 32, said coil core comprising a tubular conduit defining a boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at the proximal end of the tube and a port at the distal end of the tube, the outer surface of said boundary wall adapted to receive the coiled electrical conductor and the ports at each end of the tube and the inner surface of said boundary wall adapted to sleeve at least a section of the magnetically conductive conduit, whereby at least a section of the inner surface of the boundary wall of said coil core is coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of said magnetically conductive conduit. The coil core may comprise a length of magnetically conductive conduit, or a coil core may comprise a non-magnetically conductive material, such as a film of non-magnetic stabilizing material or a non-magnetically conductive tube.

As used herein, means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the coiled electrical conductor may include coiling the electrical conductor around at least a section of the outer surface of the fluid impervious boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit or coiling the electrical conductor around at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of a coil core and sleeving at least a section of the magnetically conductive conduit with the coil core.

Conductor leads 33 a and 33 b, 34 a and 34 b, 37 a and 37 b and 38 a and 38 b may be connected in series or parallel to a least one supply of electrical power. Each length of electrical conducting material may also be connected separately, or in combination with at least one additional length of electrical conducting material, to at least one supply of electrical power. Energizing the coiled electrical conductor with at least one supply of electrical power produces a pulsed electromagnetic field conducted by the magnetically conductive inlet and outlet conduit segments and concentrated within the inner surface of the fluid impervious boundary wall of each segment of magnetically conductive conduit, said pulsed magnetic field extending beyond each end of the magnetically conductive inlet and outlet conduit segments along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized serial coupling of conduit segments.

An electrical energizing unit may provide a plurality of distinct programmable outputs of electrical energy, each output of electrical energy establishing a distinct pulsed output of electrical energy wherein a first pulsed output of electrical energy energizes a first coiled electrical conductor and a second pulsed output of electrical energy energizes a second coiled electrical conductor.

Fluid flow conduit 22 is a third embodiment of a non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote a flow of fluid through the serial coupling of conduit segments, said fluid flow conduit defining a section of conduit within a piping system comprising a non-magnetically conductive material sleeved by magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment 30, non-magnetically conductive intermediate conduit segment 31 and magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment 32, said fluid flow conduit comprising a length of non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having inlet and outlet ports.

Introducing a feed stream to the inlet port of fluid flow conduit 22 directs fluid to pass through a first area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 30 a at the proximal end of magnetically energized conduit 30, a second area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated along a path extending through at least one turn of electrical conductor encircling the outer surface of magnetically energized inlet conduit segment 30, a third area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated in the space between port 30 b at the distal end of the magnetically energized inlet conduit segment and port 32 a at the proximal end of the magnetically energized outlet conduit segment, a fourth area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated along a path extending through at least one turn of electrical conductor encircling the outer surface of magnetically energized outlet conduit segment 32 and a fifth area of pulsed magnetic treatment concentrated at port 32 b at the distal end of the magnetically energized outlet conduit segment.

A fourth embodiment of the magnetically conductive conduit may comprise a sheet of magnetically conductive material rolled into a plurality of layers to form a tube defining a boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at the proximal end of the tube and a port at the distal end of the tube.

A non-magnetic stabilizing material may also be disposed between the outer surface of a magnetically conductive conduit and the coiled electrical conductor, between the outer surface of a magnetically conductive conduit and the inner surface of a coil core, or between the outer surface of a coil core and the coiled electrical conductor. A non-magnetic stabilizing material may envelope the outer layer of a coiled electrical conductor to maintain the alignment of the coil and protect the coil.

The inner and outer surfaces of the fluid impervious boundary wall of a magnetically conductive conduit may be covered with a protective coating to prevent corrosion and extend the functional life of the conduit. At least one end of the fluid impervious boundary wall of a length of magnetically conductive material comprising the magnetically conductive conduit may be tapered.

FIG. 4 shows the flow of pulsed magnetic flux loops 17 generated by energized coil 44 encircling coil core 44 c, with the coil core shown sleeving a section of magnetically energized conduit 43. Operably connecting first conductor lead 44 a and second conductor lead 44 b to at least one supply of electrical power energizes the coiled electrical conductor and produces an electromagnetic field conducted by the magnetically conductive conduit and concentrated within the inner surface of the fluid impervious boundary wall of the conduit. However, to provide effective magnetic fluid treatment at a plurality of distinct points, the magnetic field must be of sufficient strength to extend beyond the ends of the length of the conduit. Magnetic flux loops 17 are shown consolidated at a point beyond inlet port 45 of magnetically energized conduit 43, flowing around the periphery of continuous coil 44 along the longitudinal axis of the conduit and reconsolidating at a point beyond outlet port 46 at the other end of the conduit. The pulsed magnetic field absorbed by magnetically conductive conduit 43 and the magnetic flux loops generated by the energized coil tend to concentrate in three distinct regions along a path extending through of the conduit; at inlet port 45, along the path extending through and substantially orthogonal to each turn of electrical conductor forming the energized coil 44 surrounding a section of the outer surface of conduit 43 and at outlet port 46. A fluid directed along a flow path extending through these three regions may receive pulsed magnetic treatment at a plurality of distinct points.

FIG. 5 shows a non-contiguous array of first magnetically conductive conduit 30 and second magnetically conductive conduit 32. Fluid flow conduit 22, comprising a length of non-magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a fluid entry port at one end of the conduit and a fluid discharge port at the other end of the conduit, is shown extending through fluid entry port 30 a at the proximal end of magnetically conductive conduit 30 and fluid discharge port 32 b at a distal end of the magnetically conductive conduit 32 to establish a flow path for a fluid to be treated through the non-contiguous array of magnetically conductive conduits.

An electrical conductor comprising a first length of an electrical conducting material having first conductor lead 33 a and second conductor lead 33 b forms first coil layer 33 encircling coil core 36, a second length of an electrical conducting material having first conductor lead 34 a and second conductor lead 34 d forms second coil layer 34 encircling coil core 36, a third length of an electrical conducting material having first conductor lead 37 a and second conductor lead 37 b forms first coil layer 37 encircling coil core 36 and a fourth length of an electrical conducting material having first conductor lead 38 a and second conductor lead 38 b forms second coil layer 38 encircling coil core 36. Coil core 36 is shown sleeving a section of the outer surface of magnetically conductive conduit 30 and coil core 36 is shown sleeving a section of the outer surface of magnetically conductive conduit 32. A thin sheet of a non-magnetically conductive material 35 is shown disposed between the first and second layers of electrical conductor encircling the coil cores to maintain the alignment of the coil layers. At least one electrical power supply may be operably connected to at least one conductor lead to energize the coiled electrical conductor to produce a pulsed magnetic field having lines of flux directed along the fluid flow path.

Fluid flowing through non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit 22 may be directed to pass through a plurality of distinct areas of concentrated pulsed magnetic energy provided by the non-contiguous array of magnetically conductive conduits; a first region of fluid treatment in the magnetic field concentrated at inlet port 30 a, a second region of magnetic treatment as the fluid is directed along a path extending through and substantially orthogonal to each turn of the electrical conductor forming the coils 33 and 34 encircling magnetically conductive conduit 30, a third region of magnetic treatment in the space between outlet port 30 b and inlet port 32 a, a fourth region of magnetic treatment along a path extending through and substantially orthogonal to each turn of the electrical conductor forming coils 37 and 38 encircling the outer surface of magnetically conductive conduit 32 and a fifth region of magnetic treatment concentrated at outlet port 32 b.

Increasing the density and thickness of the fluid impervious boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit typically results in a greater concentration of pulsed magnetic energy at each end of a magnetically energized conduit and any non-magnetically conductive regions established between magnetically conductive conduits. FIG. 6 is an exploded view of first magnetically conductive conduit 43 comprising a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a fluid entry port at one end of the conduit and fluid discharge port at the other end of the conduit adapted to sleeve second magnetically conductive conduit 18. Electrical conductor 44 is shown encircling coil core 44 c. Coil core 44 c is shown sleeving a section of conduit 43 so that an uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor encircles a section of conduit 43.

FIG. 6A is an exploded view of first magnetically conductive conduit 43 adapted to sleeve the non-contiguous array of second length of magnetically conductive conduit 18 and third length of magnetically conductive conduit 18 a. Electrical conductor 44 is shown encircling coil core 44 c. Coil core 44 c is shown sleeving a section of conduit 43 so that an uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor encircles a section of conduit 43. FIG. 6B is an exploded view of first magnetically conductive conduit 43 adapted to sleeve the serial coupling of magnetically conductive inlet conduit 18, non-magnetically conductive conduit 18 b and magnetically conductive outlet conduit 18 a. Electrical conductor 44 is shown encircling coil core 44 c. Coil core 44 c is shown sleeving a section of conduit 43 so that an uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor encircles a section of conduit 43.

FIG. 7 shows second magnetically conductive conduit 18 being inserted into first magnetically conductive conduit 43. Electrical conductor 44 is shown encircling coil core 44 c, with the coil core sleeving a section of conduit 43. A non-contiguous array of a first length of magnetically conductive conduit and a second length of magnetically conductive conduit or a serial coupling of a magnetically conductive inlet conduit, a non-magnetically conductive conduit and a magnetically conductive outlet conduit may be similarly inserted into first magnetically conductive conduit 43 wherein at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit is sleeved within another at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit.

FIG. 8 shows magnetically conductive nucleus 39 comprising a magnetically conductive material having an outer surface deployed within the aperture of non-magnetically conductive conduit 18 b of a serial coupling of conduit segments, whereby the inner surface of the boundary walls of the magnetically conductive conduits 18 and 18 a are coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to the outer surface of the magnetically conductive nucleus. Magnetically conductive inlet conduit 18 is shown upstream of non-magnetically conductive conduit 18 b and magnetically conductive outlet conduit 18 a is shown downstream of non-magnetically conductive conduit 18 b.

FIG. 9 shows magnetically conductive nucleus 39 comprising a magnetically conductive material having an outer surface deployed within the aperture of non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit 29, whereby the inner surface of the boundary walls of the magnetically conductive conduits 18 and 18 a are coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to the outer surface of the magnetically conductive nucleus.

The electrical conductor may comprise at least one strand of electrical conducting material, such as a length of wire, or may comprise at least one sheet of an electrical conducting foil material. A single length of electrical conducting material may be coiled to form at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor, or a first length of electrical conducting material may be coiled to form a first layer of coiled electrical conductor and a second length of electrical conducting material may be coiled to form a second layer of coiled electrical conductor. A first length of electrical conducting material and a second length of electrical conducting material may be coiled in a side-by-side and substantially parallel orientation to form at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor.

A first layer of coiled electrical conductor and a second layer of coiled electrical conductor may be coaxially disposed and have a plurality of spacers deployed between said layers to establish radial spacing therebetween. The spacers may be arranged substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and equidistant to an adjacent spacer to form a pattern of open-air cooling ducts extending substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit, said cooling ducts have a property of acting to dissipate heat from between the first and second coil layers.

A non-contiguous array of a first coil of electrical conducting material and a second coil of electrical conducting material may sleeve a magnetically conductive conduit or a non-contiguous array of a first coil of electrical conducting material and a second coil of electrical conducting material may sleeve a coil core, said non-contiguous array of coils establishing a space between the first coil and the second coil, whereby an open-air cooling duct is formed between the coils, said cooling duct extending substantially orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and having a property of dissipating heat from between the coils.

In some instances, at least one length of electrical conductor may be coiled around a doughnut shaped core form a toroidal coil. A toroidal coil core may comprise a magnetically conductive material or a non-magnetically conductive material. At least one toroidal coil may sleeve at least a section of the outer surface of the fluid impervious boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit or at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of a coil core, whereby said toroidal coil encircles at least a section of said magnetically conductive conduit. Energizing said toroidal coil with at least one electrical power supply having a capacity to produce at least one distinct programmable output of electrical energy continuously switched on and off at a pulsed repetition rate produces a pulsed magnetic field having energy substantially confined within the boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit.

Embodiments of the magnetically conductive conduit comprising a non-contiguous array of a first segment of magnetically conductive conduit and a second segment of magnetically conductive conduit may be sleeved with a first coil encircling the first magnetically conductive conduit segment and a second coil encircling the second magnetically conductive conduit segment, or a coil may sleeve at least a section of the first segment of magnetically conductive conduit, the non-magnetically conductive region between the magnetically conductive conduit segments and at least a section of the second segment of magnetically conductive conduit.

A first non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit may be sleeved within the boundary wall of a magnetically energized conduit to direct a first feed stream to pass through a plurality of distinct areas of concentrated pulsed magnetic energy and a second section of non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit may be sleeved within the boundary wall of the magnetically energized conduit to direct a second feed stream to pass through the plurality of distinct areas of concentrated pulsed magnetic energy.

Increasing the density and thickness of the fluid impervious boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit typically results in a greater concentration of magnetic energy at each end of the magnetically energized conduit and any non-magnetically conductive regions established between segments of magnetically conductive conduit. One means of increasing the density and thickness of the magnetically conductive conduit is a fifth embodiment of the magnetically conductive conduit wherein at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit is sleeved within another at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit. For example, a first segment of conduit comprising a magnetically conductive material may sleeve a second segment of conduit comprising a magnetically conductive material, whereby at least a section of the inner surface of the boundary wall of said first segment of magnetically conductive conduit is coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of the second segment of magnetically conductive conduit. This effectively increases the density and thickness of the magnetically conductive conduit.

A first segment of magnetically conductive conduit may also sleeve a second segment of magnetically conductive conduit and a third segment of magnetically conductive conduit. The second and third segments of magnetically conductive conduit may establish a non-magnetically conductive region between the port at the distal end of the second segment of magnetically conductive conduit and the port at the proximal end of the third segment of magnetically conductive conduit, whereby at least a section of the inner surface of the boundary wall of said first segment of magnetically conductive conduit may be coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of the second segment of magnetically conductive conduit and at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of the third segment of magnetically conductive conduit.

A first segment of magnetically conductive conduit may also sleeve a serial coupling of a magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment, a non-magnetically conductive intermediate conduit segment and a magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment, whereby at least a section of the inner surface of the boundary wall of said first segment of magnetically conductive conduit may be coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to the outer surface of the boundary wall of the non-magnetically conductive intermediate conduit segment and at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of the magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment and at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of the magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment.

Further, a non-contiguous array of a first segment of magnetically conductive conduit sleeving a second segment of magnetically conductive conduit, whereby at least a section of the inner surface of the boundary wall of said first segment of magnetically conductive conduit is coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of the second segment of magnetically conductive conduit; and a fourth segment of magnetically conductive conduit sleeving a third segment of magnetically conductive conduit, whereby at least a section of the inner surface of the boundary wall of said fourth segment of magnetically conductive conduit is coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to at least a section of the outer surface of the boundary wall of the third segment of magnetically conductive conduit, may establish a non-magnetically conductive region between the ports at the distal end of the first and second segments of magnetically conductive conduit and the ports at the proximal end of the third and fourth segments of magnetically conductive conduit.

In large diameter conduits, a magnetically conductive nucleus comprising a magnetically conductive material having an outer surface may be deployed within the aperture of a magnetically energized conduit, whereby the inner surface of the boundary wall of said magnetically energized conduit is coaxially disposed in substantially concentric surrounding relation to the outer surface of said magnetically conductive nucleus. Suspending a magnetically conductive nucleus within the aperture of a magnetically energized conduit promotes a concentration of pulsed magnetic energy across a broader cross section of the fluid flow path within the conduit as the inner surface of the boundary wall of the magnetically energized conduit exerts a concentric attraction to the nucleus. Further, suspending a magnetically conductive nucleus within a non-magnetically conductive region established between segments of magnetically conductive conduit provides for an even greater concentration of pulsed magnetic energy across the cross section of the fluid flow path within the magnetically energized conduit.

Thus, the instant invention includes an apparatus providing fluid treatment comprising a magnetically conductive conduit to receive a flow of a fluid to be treated along a path extending through the magnetically conductive conduit, the magnetically conductive conduit having a fluid entry port at the proximal end of the conduit, at least one fluid impervious boundary wall downstream of the fluid entry port and a fluid discharge port at the distal end of the conduit; at least one electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor, each coil forming at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor; means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the at least one electrical conductor, whereby at least one turn of electrical conductor encircles at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit with the coils oriented substantially orthogonal to the fluid flow; and at least one electrical power supply operably connected to at least one conductor lead, wherein the at least one coiled electrical conductor is energized to produce a pulsed magnetic field having pulsed lines of flux directed along the fluid flow path and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit.

The pulsed lines of flux form loops and the pulsed magnetic field is of a strength that allows the flux to extend along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and concentrate at distinct points beyond each end of each fluid impervious boundary wall such that the pulsed magnetic flux extends from a point where the lines of flux concentrate beyond one end of the magnetically conductive conduit, around the periphery of the coiled electrical conductor along the longitudinal axis of each fluid impervious boundary wall and to a point where the lines of flux concentrate beyond the other end of the magnetically conductive conduit. Each fluid impervious boundary wall of the magnetically conductive conduit absorbs the pulsed magnetic field and the pulsed magnetic flux loops generated by the coiled electrical conductor at the points of flux concentration.

At least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit may be utilized to promote the flow of a fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit.

One or more of the time intervals, repetition rate, voltage, current, or direction of a pulsed output of electrical energy may be programmable to provide for effective fluid treatment as the makeup and characteristics of a feedstock change. That is, a first output of electrical energy having a first set of electrical characteristics may be utilized to provide treatment for a first feedstock having a first makeup, and a second output of electrical energy having a second set of electrical characteristics may be used to provide treatment for a second feedstock having a second makeup.

A number of variables may be modified to optimize the instant pulsed magnetic fluid treatment. For example, the first and second time intervals, the repetition rate, the direction and the amplitude of the at least one pulsed output of electrical energy utilized to energize the coiled electrical conductor may be programmed to optimize pulsed magnetic field treatment for a specific application. Further, the size, shape and dimensions of the electrical conducting material, the length to diameter ratio of the at least one coil sleeving the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and the number of layers of coiled electrical conductor forming a coil may be adapted to optimize the instant magnetic field treatment apparatus for a specific application. Other variables may include the size, shape and types of materials comprising the conduit and coupling apparatus, the type of flow of electrical energy utilized to energize the coiled electrical conductor and the size, shape and composition of materials comprising an enclosure to protect at least the coiled electrical conductor, if included. A coil core comprising a magnetically conductive material may sleeve a magnetically conductive conduit to increase the density and thickness of the magnetically conductive conduit.

The first and second conductor leads of a length of electrical conducting material may be connected to a single supply of electrical power, or the first and second conductor leads may be connected to a first supply of electrical power and a second supply of electrical power.

Energizing the coiled electrical conductor with at least one pulsed output of electrical energy provides a number of fluid treatment benefits. For example, switching the output of electrical energy to an “off” state for an extended time interval to interrupt the energizing of the at least one coiled electrical conductor allows magnetically conductive debris that may adhere to the inner surface of the fluid impervious boundary wall of a magnetically energized conduit to be dislodged and removed from the conduit by the force of the flow of a fluid passing through said conduit. In other applications, energizing the at least one coiled electrical conductor with certain pulsed outputs of electrical energy may generate alternating positive and negative pressure waves in some fluids that tend to tear a fluid apart and create vacuum cavities that form micron-size bubbles. These bubbles continue to grow under the influence of the alternating positive and negative pressure waves until they reach a resonant size where they then collapse, or implode, under a force known as cavitation. Imploding bubbles form jets of plasma having extremely high temperatures that travel at high rates of speed for relatively short distances. Energy released from a single cavitation bubble is extremely small, but the cavitation of millions of bubbles every second has a cumulative effect throughout the fluid as the pressure, temperature and velocity of the jets of plasma destroy many contaminants in a fluid.

In certain applications, diffused ambient air or other forms of small bubbles may be introduced immediately upstream of the magnetically energized conduit to assist in initiating the cavitation process. Electrolysis of a feedstock may also be utilized to generate small bubbles in a feed stream by energizing at least one pair of electrodes with electrical energy. Each electrode may comprise at least one plate comprising an electrical conducting material and having at least one conductor lead, with each pair of electrodes configured as a substantially parallel array of spaced-apart plates interleaving to form at least one cavity between the facing surfaces of adjacent plates. Each electrode plate may be energized with an electrical charge opposite from its adjacent plate. The conductivity of a feedstock typically influences the voltage required to maintain the level of current required to energize the electrodes. Electron flow between the charged plates, along with electromagnetic field generation, releases oxygen and hydrogen bubbles from many water-based feedstocks that may be useful in initiating the cavitation process.

Electrodes may be energized with electrical energy having an alternating current component or a direct current component. When energizing electrodes with electrical energy having a direct current component, the polarity of the signal applied to such electrodes may be periodically reversed to reduce the plating of contaminants on the surfaces of the electrodes. In certain applications, a pulsed fluid treatment device or a magnetic field treatment device may be configured upstream of the electrodes to retard plating of the electrodes.

Most biological contaminants regulate their water intake through osmosis via the electrical charge of fats and proteins in their surface membranes. Directing biological contaminants to pass through pulsed magnetic energy may overwhelm the electrical fields and charges in the surface membranes of these microorganisms and drive them to an imbalanced state, weakening their cell walls and destroying the membranes. Unlike chemical treatment and other means of controlling many biological contaminants, many organisms may not develop immunity to the instant method of fluid treatment. Further, the utilization of charged electrodes may provide an additional means of destroying biological contaminants in fluids.

Directing a feed stream through pulsed magnetic energy may neutralize the electrical charges of many suspended and dissolved solid contaminants in the feedstock, render them non-adhesive and enhance the clarification of the fluid. Water utilized as a heat transfer medium in thermal exchange systems, such as boilers, heat exchangers or cooling towers, may be directed through pulsed magnetic energy to retard the formation of scale and other heat insulating deposits in such thermal exchange systems. The pulsed magnetic energy of the instant invention may further be utilized improve the desalination of sea water and reverse osmosis systems. The instant invention may also be utilized to reduce the surface tension of irrigation water to allow for better penetration of the soil to improve feeding of the roots of plants.

Coagulating chemicals are typically used to neutralize the electrical charges of particles suspended in a fluid column. Directing a feedstock to pass through the instant invention may cause suspended and dissolved contaminants in a feed stream to be repelled from the fluid and facilitate removal of solid contaminants, and may thereby reduce the amount of coagulants required for adequate processing of a fluid. Flocculants are commonly injected into wastewater sludge upstream of dewatering equipment and mixed into a feedstock to promote the aggregation of finely dispersed solids suspended in wastewater into particles large enough to be removed by physical separation. Pretreatment of wastewater by the instant invention may result in a reduction of the amount of flocculating polymer required for processing a feed stream while simultaneously generating drier solids and clearer filtrate discharged from dewatering equipment.

Pulsed magnetic fields generating alternating positive and negative pressure waves are useful in breaking oil/water emulsion as the alternating pressure waves disrupt the stability of the emulsion. Directing an emulsion through a pulsed magnetic field neutralizes the electrical charges of suspended solids that tend to keep small oil droplets suspended in water. Further, distinct areas of concentrated pulsed magnetic energy may be used to agitate the interface between the water and oil droplets and puncture the bond creating the emulsion to allow small oil droplets to coalesce into larger droplets, float out of the water and be removed by separation apparatus. Similarly, water may be removed from hydrocarbon fluids. Charged electrodes may also be used in concert with pulsed magnetic fields to break many bonds that tend to create many types of emulsions.

At least one chemical dispersing apparatus providing means for distributing a supply of at least one fluid treatment chemical into a fluid directed to pass through pulsed magnetic energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas may be utilized to disperse a supply of at least one chemical into a feed stream upstream of the pulsed magnetic field treatment apparatus or downstream of the pulsed magnetic field treatment apparatus. Fluid treatment chemicals may be selected from a group consisting of, but not limited to, algaecides, biocides, scale retardants, coagulants, flocculants, pesticides, fertilizers, coolants, ambient air, oxygen, hydrogen, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, surfactants, petroleum production fluid additives, fuel additives and lubricant additives. As used herein, charged electrodes generating oxygen and hydrogen bubbles in the electrolysis of water-based feedstocks may comprise a chemical dispersing apparatus.

In some instances, chemical pretreatment may hamper the efficiency of separation apparatus, such as screening apparatus that tend to blind off with chemically treated feedstocks, and hydrocyclones, desanders and desilters. Improved removal of suspended and dissolved solid contaminants from a fluid may be achieved by directing a feed stream free of coagulants or flocculants to pass through the instant invention upstream of such apparatus to enhance the separation of solids from the fluid.

At least one separation apparatus providing means for separating and collecting a volume of contaminants from a fluid and discharging a processed feed stream having a reduced volume of contaminants carried within a fluid column may be utilized to treat a feed stream upstream of the pulsed magnetic field treatment apparatus or downstream of the pulsed magnetic field treatment apparatus. Contaminant separation apparatus may be selected from a group consisting of, but not limited to, phase separation systems, solids separation equipment, dewatering apparatus, oil/water separators, petroleum production equipment, petroleum refining systems, water filters, desalination equipment, reverse osmosis systems, fuel filters and lubricant filters.

At least one fluid conditioning apparatus providing means for altering the flow of a fluid directed to pass through pulsed magnetic energy concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas may be utilized to alter the flow of a feed stream upstream of the pulsed magnetic field treatment apparatus or downstream of the pulsed magnetic field treatment apparatus. Fluid conditioning apparatus may be selected from a group consisting of, but not limited to, pumps, blowers, vortex inducing equipment, static mixing devices and dynamic mixing apparatus to create turbulence in a flow of fluid or laminar flow conditioners to remove turbulence from a flow of fluid.

The instant invention provides a method of fluid treatment, comprising the steps of establishing a flow of a fluid to be treated along a path extending through a magnetically conductive conduit; and establishing a pulsed magnetic field having pulsed lines of flux directed along the fluid flow path and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit. The instant method may further comprise the step of directing the fluid to pass through at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote the flow of a fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit.

Further, the instant invention includes an apparatus providing fluid treatment, comprising a magnetically conductive conduit to receive a flow of a fluid; at least one electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor, each coil forming at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor; means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the coiled electrical conductor, whereby at least one turn of electrical conductor encircles at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit with the coils oriented substantially orthogonal to the fluid flow; and at least one electrical power supply operably connected to at least one conductor lead, wherein the at least one coiled electrical conductor is energized to produce a pulsed magnetic field having pulsed lines of flux directed along the fluid flow path and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit.

The instant apparatus may further comprise at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote the flow of a fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit.

The instant apparatus may further comprise a magnetically conductive conduit selected from a group including a length of magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at the proximal end of the conduit and a port at the distal end of the conduit, a non-contiguous array of a first length of magnetically conductive conduit and a second length of magnetically conductive conduit, a serial coupling of a magnetically conductive inlet conduit, a non-magnetically conductive conduit and a magnetically conductive outlet conduit and at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit sleeved within another at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit.

The instant apparatus may further comprise a coil core, the outer surface of the coil core adapted to receive the coiled electrical conductor and the ports at each end of the coil core and the inner surface of the coil core adapted to sleeve at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit.

The instant apparatus may further comprise at least one magnetically conductive nucleus disposed within the aperture of the magnetically conductive conduit.

The foregoing description of the preferred embodiment has been for the purpose of explanation and illustration. It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that modifications and changes may be made without departing from the essence and scope of the present invention. For example, additional embodiments of energized coils may be utilized to induce a magnetic field for fluid treatment. Therefore, it is contemplated that the appended claims will cover any modifications or embodiments that fall within the scope of the invention. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus providing fluid treatment, comprising: a. a magnetically conductive conduit to receive a flow of a fluid to be treated along a path extending through the magnetically conductive conduit, the magnetically conductive conduit having a fluid entry port at the proximal end of the conduit, at least one fluid impervious boundary wall downstream of the fluid entry port and a fluid discharge port at the distal end of the conduit; b. at least one electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor, each coil forming at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor; c. means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the at least one electrical conductor, whereby at least one turn of electrical conductor encircles at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit with the coils oriented substantially orthogonal to the fluid flow; and d. at least one electrical power supply operably connected to at least one conductor lead, wherein the at least one coiled electrical conductor is energized to produce a pulsed magnetic field having pulsed lines of flux directed along the fluid flow path and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the pulsed lines of flux form loops and the pulsed magnetic field is of a strength that allows the flux to extend along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically conductive conduit and concentrate at distinct points beyond each end of each fluid impervious boundary wall such that the pulsed magnetic flux extends from a point where the lines of flux concentrate beyond one end of the magnetically conductive conduit, around the periphery of the coiled electrical conductor along the longitudinal axis of each fluid impervious boundary wall and to a point where the lines of flux concentrate beyond the other end of the magnetically conductive conduit.
 3. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein each fluid impervious boundary wall absorbs the pulsed magnetic field and the pulsed magnetic flux loops generated by the coiled electrical conductor at the points of flux concentration.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote the flow of a fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one chemical dispersing apparatus, each at least one dispersing apparatus providing means for distributing least one fluid treatment chemical into a fluid.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one contaminant separation apparatus, each at least one separation apparatus providing means for separating and collecting a volume of contaminants from a fluid and discharging a processed fluid having a reduced volume of contaminants carried within the fluid.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising at least one fluid flow conditioning apparatus, each at least one fluid conditioning apparatus providing means for altering the flow of a fluid.
 8. An apparatus providing fluid treatment, comprising: a. a magnetically conductive conduit to receive a flow of a fluid; b. at least one electrical conductor comprising at least one length of an electrical conducting material having a first conductor lead and a second conductor lead, the electrical conductor coiled with at least one turn to form at least one uninterrupted coil of electrical conductor, each coil forming at least one layer of coiled electrical conductor; c. means for sleeving the magnetically conductive conduit within the coiled electrical conductor, whereby at least one turn of electrical conductor encircles at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit with the coils oriented substantially orthogonal to the fluid flow; and d. at least one electrical power supply operably connected to at least one conductor lead, wherein the at least one coiled electrical conductor is energized to produce a pulsed magnetic field having pulsed lines of flux directed along the fluid flow path and concentrated in a plurality of distinct areas along the longitudinal axis of the magnetically energized conduit.
 9. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising at least one non-magnetically conductive fluid flow conduit to promote the flow of a fluid through the magnetically conductive conduit.
 10. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the magnetically conductive conduit comprises a length of magnetically conductive material defining a fluid impervious boundary wall with an inner surface and an outer surface and having a port at the proximal end of the conduit and a port at the distal end of the conduit.
 11. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the magnetically conductive conduit comprises a non-contiguous array of a first length of magnetically conductive conduit and a second length of magnetically conductive conduit.
 12. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the magnetically conductive conduit comprises a serial coupling of a magnetically conductive inlet conduit segment, a non-magnetically conductive conduit segment and a magnetically conductive outlet conduit segment.
 13. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein the magnetically conductive conduit comprises at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit sleeved within another at least one segment of magnetically conductive conduit.
 14. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising a coil core, the outer surface of the coil core adapted to receive the coiled electrical conductor and the ports at each end of the coil core and the inner surface of the coil core adapted to sleeve at least a section of the outer surface of the magnetically conductive conduit.
 15. The apparatus of claim 8 further comprising at least one magnetically conductive nucleus disposed within the aperture of the magnetically conductive conduit. 